說明
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has collected and curated Global Positioning System (GPS) locations from GPS-enabled Tellus Ultralight neck-collars placed on federally endangered ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) in Texas. This dataset includes 17,709 GPS locations from 14 male or female ocelots being monitored from 2012 to 2021. These locations are stored using coordinates in Universal Transverse Mercator for Zone 14 North. Ocelots were captured in box-traps, sedated, anesthetized, fit with a GPS collar, and released on USFWS lands following protocols in Sternberg and Swarts (2021 - https://doi.org/10.7944/wx3d-jd10). Locations in this dataset only occur on Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, locations on private lands having been removed but maintained by USFWS for internal use.
The USFWS uses Darwin Core terms to describe data fields for each record. The definitions below are taken directly from the Darwin Core Terms quick reference guide (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/index.htm), although some have been modified to more accurately describe information attributed to records in this dataset. Users of the dataset should refer to Darwin Core terms reference guide if more clarity is needed about a given field, or how it might relate to information assembled in other databases. Additional details are described in the metadata file and at https://ecos.fws.gov/ServCat. https://doi.org/10.7944/ka9g-t377.
資料紀錄
此資源sampling event的資料已發佈為達爾文核心集檔案（DwC-A），其以一或多組資料表構成分享生物多樣性資料的標準格式。 核心資料表包含 20 筆紀錄。
亦存在 2 筆延伸集的資料表。延伸集中的紀錄補充核心集中紀錄的額外資訊。 每個延伸集資料表中資料筆數顯示如下。
此 IPT 存放資料以提供資料儲存庫服務。資料與資源的詮釋資料可由「下載」單元下載。「版本」表格列出此資源的其它公開版本，以便利追蹤其隨時間的變更。
版本
以下的表格只顯示可公開存取資源的已發布版本。
1.1如何引用
研究者應依照以下指示引用此資源。:
Sternberg M, Swarts H, Mays J (2025). GPS locations of Ocelots on Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge from 2012-2021. Version 1.1. United States Fish and Wildlife Service. Samplingevent dataset. https://doi.org/10.7944/ka9g-t377
權利
研究者應尊重以下權利聲明。:
此資料的發布者及權利單位為 United States Geological Survey。 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0) License.
GBIF 註冊
此資源已向GBIF註冊，並指定以下之GBIF UUID: a13be032-4e00-4bf8-8a63-22976eea99c9。 United States Geological Survey 發佈此資源，並經由U.S. Geological Survey同意向GBIF註冊成為資料發佈者。
關鍵字
Occurrence; Observation; GPS; ocelot; Leopardus pardalis; endangered; Felidae; mammal; Texas; USA; Refuge
聯絡資訊
- 元數據提供者 ●
- 出處 ●
- 連絡人
- Zone Biologist
https://orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0028-2669
- 出處
- Refuge Manager
- HC 60 Box 860, Ruby Lake National Wildlife Refuge
- 出處
- Supervisory Park Manager
- 91 Bartlett Park Road, Cumberland Gap National Historical Park
- 內容提供者
地理涵蓋範圍
Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, Cameron County, Texas, USA
| 界定座標範圍 | 緯度南界 經度西界 [26.02, -97.49], 緯度北界 經度東界 [26.41, -97.23] |
|---|
分類群涵蓋範圍
Ocelot (Leopardus pardalis)
| Kingdom | Animalia |
|---|---|
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Mammalia |
| Order | Carnivora |
| Family | Felidae |
時間涵蓋範圍
| 起始日期 / 結束日期 | 2012-01-18 / 2021-06-04 |
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計畫資料
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has collected and curated Global Positioning System (GPS) locations from GPS-enabled Tellus Ultralight neck-collars placed on federally endangered ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) in Texas. This dataset includes 17,709 GPS locations from 14 male or female ocelots from 2012 to 2021.
| 計畫名稱 | GPS locations of Ocelots on Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge from 2012-2021 |
|---|---|
| 辨識碼 | OcelotGPS_FWSdata_Public |
| 經費來源 | Major funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Friends of Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge. |
| 研究區域描述 | The data occurs on Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge which is located in Cameron County, Texas, USA. |
| 研究設計描述 | Ocelots were being monitored as part of the long-term management and recovery of ocelots on and around Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, managed by the USFWS, when the monitoring program was being led by USFWS from 1992 to 2021. Ocelots were captured in box-traps, sedated, anesthetized, fit with a GPS collar, and released on USFWS lands from 2012 to 2021 following protocols in Sternberg and Swarts (2021 - https://doi.org/10.7944/wx3d-jd10). |
參與計畫的人員:
取樣方法
GPS locations of ocelots were acquired on a variable schedule depending on the needs to monitor each specific ocelot as determined by USFWS staff. GPS locations ranged from every 30 minutes to as few as two locations in a 24-hour period. Additional GPS location data for collared ocelots on Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge for a similar timeframe may become available after 2024 from a collaborative dataset of the USFWS and the Texas Department of Transportation. There are three separate datasets containing GPS locations of ocelots on and around Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife from this timeframe (i.e., current dataset, a shared dataset between USFWS and the Texas Department of Transportation, and a third dataset solely collected by FWS containing locations of ocelots on private lands). All locations represent locations of ocelots freely moving about in the wild. Skips in sequential numbers in the occurrenceID, number, and numberByID columns represent data found elsewhere in the aforementioned datasets. Nevertheless, all data provided are accurate and unaltered locations of wild ocelots, including shortly after recovery from anesthesia and ocelot having been released back into the wild, and data from the point at which the collar was retrieved from the ocelot.
| 研究範圍 | Locations were collected from GPS collars attached to ocelots on Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge, located in Cameron County, Texas, USA. Some ocelots received multiple collars over the 2012-2021 study period. |
|---|---|
| 品質控管 | The dataset has gone through a cleaning and georeferencing process to ensure GPS points and location information is accurate. All data associated with testing each collar were removed. If a collar malfunctioned, its battery died, it was removed or replaced with a new collar on the ocelot, and a note was made in the organismRemarks column. Terms in the dataset are in accordance with those set by the Darwin Core (DwC) Standard (Darwin Core Task Group, 2021). A template generator was used to cross walk our recorded data into DwC Standards and it is cited here: Luke Marsden, & Olaf Schneider. (2023). SIOS-Svalbard/Nansen_Legacy_template_generator: Nansen Legacy template generator (v1.01). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8362212 Locations in this dataset only occur on Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge; locations on private lands having been removed but maintained by USFWS for internal use. This was done using the Select by Location tool in ArcGIS Pro, version 3.1.7, and using USFWS boundaries provided by the USFWS, Division of Realty, Region 2, Albuquerque, New Mexico, to select only the locations of ocelots on the Refuge for release to the public at this time. Refuge boundaries were accurate as of December 4, 2024. Data are projected in North American Datum (NAD) 1983, UTM Zone 14N. The USFWS uses UTM as the data standard. UTM locations should be considered accurate to within 10 m given our testing with these GPS collars. As with similar GPS collars/devices, altitude is not a very reliable metric in this dataset, neither in precision or accuracy in our experience, but it is provided as researchers may find some use in these estimated values. Likewise, we would not recommend using altitude to estimate accuracy of the GPS locations. The time of each location as in the eventTime column was calculated from Greenwich Mean Time that was originally recorded with each location. Time (eventTime) was adjusted to Central Standard Time for the USA with seasonal adjustments for Daylight Savings Time. A data dictionary defining fields in this dataset that are not Darwin Core (DwC) standards is available on the Service Catalog of the USFWS (https://iris.fws.gov/APPS/ServCat/Reference/Profile/175725). |
方法步驟描述:
- 1. Trap an adult ocelot. 2. Sedate, and anesthetize an adult ocelot. 2. Attach a GPS-enabled and pre-programmed collar on an adult ocelot. 3. Acquire locations from email delivery from the collar on a predetermined schedule using the local cellular network, or manual download data in the field by contacting the collar remotely and copying data to a laptop computer using a UHF antenna and download cable, or download the data by direct download through the micro-USB port on the collar onto a laptop once the collar is retrieved. 4. Assess accuracy of each location based on location of initial trapping, tracking of the same collar using VHF (during 2 hour windows each weekday), and overlaying locations with known local boundaries and habitats using ArcGIS software platform.
額外的詮釋資料
| 致謝 | Many U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Student Conservation Association interns contributed to this project, including C. Knight, C. Wildermuth, R. Lyon, J. Smith, H. Frederick, V. Van Quill, P. McGovern, G. Schmidt, D. Kuhn, R. Thomas-Kuzilik, E. Lustig, E. Saldo, E. Hope, A. Liang, N. Fogel, C. Horton, V. Locke, E. Peterson, M. Butler-Valverde, K. Shupe, K. Crandall, C. Hickling, M. Picillo, and G. Chio. Thomas deMaar, Gladys Porter Zoo, provided technical guidance and assistance in the sedation, anesthesia, and care for live-trapped animals. Additional thanks to all the volunteers and staff that assisted in data acquisition and curation before 2013. Funding for one intern was provided by the Houston Zoo. Jonathan Moczygemba, K. Marklevits, S. Miller, B. Severson, M. Severson, and B. Blihovde provided significant field-level assistance on the project. Major funding was provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and Friends of Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge. |
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| Introduction | The ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) occurs from North to South America, including south Texas and Arizona, in the USA, and south to Argentina. Although its status across its range was initially more due to over-hunting and habitat destruction, more recently, its presence in the USA has declined due to habitat loss, fragmentation, and consequentially to collisions with vehicles. Today, only two known breeding populations of ocelots remain in the United States, both of which occur in south Texas. One of the Texas ocelot populations is found primarily on private ranch land in Willacy and Kenedy counties, while the other population is centered on the Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge in Cameron County. These populations rely mostly on a habitat of dense Tamaulipan thornscrub, the majority of which has been removed due to agriculture and urbanization, resulting in the isolation of these two populations. Recovery of the ocelot in the USA relies on increased population connectivity through habitat restoration and preservation of healthy ocelot populations. Although decades of research in Texas has been conducted tracking the movements of ocelots, the majority of those years utilized VHF technology, and GPS technology offers considerably better and more information to inform the scientific community on the ecology and recovery of ocelot. USFWS staff deployed large, single-door, traps with attached bait cages containing live pigeons to trap and collar adult ocelots. Trapping and handling protocols followed those of Sternberg & Swarts (2021). |
| Getting Started | The dataset contains 17,709 locations of 14 wild ocelots on Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge. Some ocelots received multiple collars, and these different deployments are noted by serial numbers in the dataset, as well as their date of deployment. Data are provided in copies in CSV UTF-8 format as well as an exact copy already in Microsoft Excel format to provide options to users. These data contain locations of these uniquely-identified ocelots as well as sex, life stage, remarks on collar deployment, time it took the GPS system to acquire each location, the number of satellites used to acquire each location, a rough estimate of altitude and movement and animal temperature among other characteristics. These locations have been scrutinized for accuracy, and all collar-testing data as well as data when the collar had been dropped from the ocelot using a remote command to remove it and retrieve the collar, have been removed so that only data on the movements of wild ocelots on the Refuge remains. |
| 目的 | The purpose of these GPS-collar data from ocelots was to assist the USFWS in monitoring the population, and leading efforts towards the recovery of the federally endangered ocelot in Texas. These data assisted USFWS staff in making determinations for numerous activities to protect the ocelot by informing the USFWS staff on the following for ocelot on and around Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge: use of different habitats; territories and ranging characteristics; reproductive activity; movements and risks associated with dispersal, crossing of roadways, and use of wildlife underpasses under roadways; interactions with other species including bobcats that were also being GPS-monitored. To our knowledge these data represent the first GPS-collar data for ocelots in the wild that has ever been made available to the public. The publication of these data will hopefully encourage further contributions of similar data to the public from other groups, as well as to provide data for scientific analyses that can inform the management and recovery of the endangered ocelot. |
| 維護說明 | No additional data are planned to be added to this dataset. Locations may supplements this dataset if any of the current private lands become managed as part of the National Wildlife Refuge System in the future. |
| 替代的識別碼 | https://ecos.fws.gov/ServCat/Reference/Profile/175725 |
| https://ipt.gbif.org/resource?r=test_ocelot |